O_3处理降解硫藏果蔬原料亚硫酸盐效果的研究

研究了臭氧处理对硫藏杏干、山楂及腌制姜3种果蔬原料中亚硫酸盐的降解效果及影响处理效果的因素。结果表明:经臭氧处理后的硫藏杏干、山楂、腌制姜,其SO2含量明显低于无处理,说明臭氧能有效降解亚硫酸盐;亚硫酸盐的降解率与臭氧通入时间、浸泡溶液pH等因素有关,表现为在一定范围内,随臭氧通入时间、pH的增加而提高;但是,在总浸泡时间和通入臭氧处理时间相同的条件下,浸泡期间内开始通入臭氧处理的时刻对样品最终SO2含量的影响不明显。     

植物精油防控果蔬采后病害的应用探究

我国是世界果蔬产销大国之一。果品蔬菜在满足人们需求的同时,也面临着严峻的贮藏问题。作为一种天然植物源保鲜剂,精油类果蔬防腐保鲜剂的研发与应用广受关注。植物精油多提取于香辛料及中草药植物的花、叶、茎、根或果实,具有显著的抑菌效果,因而被广泛用于果蔬采后病害的防控。目前,精油及其抑菌成分在国内果蔬采后贮藏的应用研究已取得了一定的成效,但较之国外的研究还相对落后。该文依据国外内最新的研究动态,通过综述精油的植物源种类、应用现状趋势的最新研究进展,以期为果蔬采后病原微生物的抑杀和生理性病害的防控提供理论基础和实践参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中8种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了固相萃取.高效液相色谱柱后衍生荧光检测蔬菜中涕灭威亚砜,涕灭威砜,灭多威,三羟基克百威,涕灭威,克百威,甲萘威及异丙威等8种氨基甲酸脂类农药残留的分析方法.本文对测定氨基甲酸酯农药残留的分离条件,提取溶剂,洗脱溶剂,净化材料和基质效应进行了优化试验.结果显示,8种氨基甲酸脂类农药在0.1～1.0 mg/L的浓度范...     

不同储存方式对蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量变化的影响

研究不同的加工储存方式对蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量变化产生的影响.结果表明:不同蔬菜样品中亚硝酸盐的含量在常温、冷藏和冷冻处理下变化明显,并出现"亚硝峰",而加热常温储存后只呈现急剧上升趋势.不同加工储存方式中蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量变化顺序为:加热>常温>冷藏>冷冻.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用

壳聚糖是生物界中唯一大量存在的天然碱性多糖,无毒无味、可生物降解、生物相容性好、成本较低,具有优良的分散性、保湿性、成膜性、抗菌性等诸多优点。文中介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物保鲜果蔬的机理,综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的最新进展,分析了目前研究中存在的问题并对发展方向作出展望。     

原子荧光法检验小白菜中砷制样均匀性不确定度的评定

为探索食品检验制样均匀性对检测结果分散性的影响,以原子荧光法检测小白菜中砷为例,采集了一组四分取样过程中取舍的样品并测得其数据,用单因素方差分析法检验出样品间的均匀性存在差异,算得其相对不确定度为10-2量级,此量级与常占主要地位的曲线拟合浓度的不确定度、回收率及方法偏差不确定度的量级相当。表明制样均匀性不确定度是非均匀性食品样品测量不确定度的主要来源之一,在评估非均匀性食品样品测量不确定度时不可忽视制样环节均匀性的影响。     

不同高静压处理对蔬菜品质的影响

为探讨高静压处理对蔬菜品质的影响,以不同物性材料的蔬菜为试验对象,采用高静压加工技术（HHP,High Hydrostatic Pressure）对蔬菜的品质（硬度、色差、VC）影响进行了分析研究。试验结果表明,与未处理的蔬菜相比,高静压处理（400-600MPa、1-10min）的蔬菜的品质指标（硬度、色差和VC）均有不同程度的下降;高静压处理的蔬菜的品质指标（硬度、色差和VC）不随处理压力和保压时间的变化而发生显著性变化。因此,杀菌效果的好坏可以作为蔬菜高静压处理参数的确定的依据。     

水杨酸对果蔬采后贮藏保鲜和系统获得性抗性的影响

阐述了水杨酸对果蔬采后贮藏保鲜和系统获得性抗性的影响。在阐述水杨酸对果蔬贮藏保鲜的影响时,主要从其对乙烯的合成、膜脂过氧化、活性氧代谢及呼吸作用的影响几个方面进行阐述。在阐述水杨酸对果蔬的系统获得性抗性影响时,分别对其可激活果实的防御机制和对信号分子及活性氧代谢的影响方面进行阐述。     

Application of Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract as a washing agent to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale

The present study aimed to examine the antimicrobial activity of silkworm thorn (Cudrania tricuspidata) leaf extract (CTLE) and its application as a washing agent for fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale. The antimicrobial activities of CTLE at various concentrations against Listeria monocytogenes were determined using disc diffusion and viable cell count assays, and CTLE exhibited strong inactivation of L. monocytogenes. In particular, after the treatment with 0.4% CTLE, the protein content of L. monocytogenes cells was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 507.21 to 254.58 μg mL⁻¹, and damaged cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy. CTLE washing resulted in approximately 2-log reduction of microbial growth, similar to that of 0.01% NaOCl. In addition, CTLE washing did not affect the quality of romaine lettuce and kale. Therefore, these results suggest that CTLE is applicable as a new washing agent for inactivating L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut romaine lettuce and kale.     

The effects of cooking method on selected quality traits of broccoli and green asparagus

Broccoli and green asparagus were cooked using boiling water, steam, microwave oven and combi oven with overheated steam and combination of hot air with overheated steam (only broccoli). Vegetables were analysed for chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, colour parameters and sensory properties. Cooking in the combi oven with overheated steam was an effective method to achieve the highest levels of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, but it negatively influenced the contents of chlorophylls in both vegetables and carotenoids in asparagus. Boiling and cooking in the combi oven with overheated steam or hot air and steam ensured the best and comparable sensory properties of broccoli. Asparagus showed a lower susceptibility to heat treatments than broccoli as none of the treatments applied caused significant differences in colour redness and yellowness, polyphenol content and sensory properties of this vegetable.